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Principles of Operation and Application Scope of Nanofiltration Membranes in Water Treatment
Release date:
2022-02-17
Nanofiltration membranes have pore sizes on the nanoscale, allowing water to pass through completely while retaining or partially retaining substances with molecular weights larger than that of water. For ions, the higher the ionic valence, the greater the membrane’s rejection rate.
Nanofiltration membrane operating principle:
Nanofiltration membranes have pore sizes on the nanoscale, allowing water to pass through completely while retaining or partially rejecting substances with molecular weights larger than that of water. For ions, the higher the ionic valence, the greater the membrane’s rejection rate. Generally, nanofiltration membranes permit monovalent ions to pass while retaining divalent or polyvalent ions, or at least most of them. Heavy metal ions and phosphorus are typically polyvalent, and nanofiltration membranes exhibit very high rejection rates for these species. Depending on the composition of organic constituents such as COD and BOD in the feed stream, nanofiltration membranes with different molecular-weight cut-offs can be selected for wastewater concentration, thereby retaining organic pollutants in the concentrate and allowing water and monovalent ions to permeate the membrane.
Nanofiltration membrane
Applications of nanofiltration membranes:
Nanofiltration membranes are primarily used in the treatment of drinking water and industrial water for water softening, purified water production, wastewater treatment, and the concentration and separation of valuable components from process‑stream solutions. Currently, nanofiltration membranes on both domestic and international markets are most widely applied in the drinking‑water sector, where they are employed to soften water, reduce total dissolved solids (TDS), and remove color as well as high‑molecular‑weight organic compounds. Nanofiltration membranes exhibit high water flux even at relatively low operating pressures; consequently, in many applications, processes utilizing nanofiltration are more cost‑effective than reverse osmosis in terms of both capital investment and operational expenses.
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